Refuse to Cooperate: How the Colonies Responded to the Boston Port Act
James Madison gave us a blueprint to stop “unwarrantable” government actions (or even “warrantable” actions that happen to be unpopular) in Federalist #46. Madison wrote that “a refusal to cooperate with officers of the union” would...
Lysander Spooner’s Strategy to Stop Unconstitutional Acts
Resist. That was Lysander Spooner’s strategy to stop unconstitutional acts that was very much in line with James Madison and other prominent founders. Spooner was a prominent 19th-century abolitionist. He is well-known in libertarian circles for saying the...
The Original Meaning of “Necessary” in the Necessary and Proper Clause
One of the most significant (and often abused) clauses in the U.S. Constitution is the “Necessary and Proper” Clause. The clause states: “The Congress shall have Power… To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the...