“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
The Bill of Rights was born from intense battles between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over delegated and reserved powers. This clash not only shaped its contested origins but also left its true purpose misunderstood to this day. 1. Initial Efforts Rejected During...
“A vile and arbitrary aristocracy or a monarchy.” That’s what the anti-federalist writer Cato warned we would get under the Constitution. This was because, in his view, vague and dangerous provisions, expansive taxing power, excessive executive authority, and too much...
“If a nation expects to be ignorant and free,” wrote Thomas Jefferson, “it expects what never was and never will be.” That’s why the TAC focuses on educating people about the original meaning of the Constitution, the foundational principles of...
On Nov. 24, 1832, a South Carolina state convention passed an Ordinance of Nullification, declaring the tariffs of 1828 of 1832 “null and void” within the state borders. While conventional history teaches that the nullifiers were quickly stopped by federal...
Tench Coxe may be the most influential founding father that people have never heard of. For most people, discussions about the meaning of the Constitution begin and end with the Federalist Papers. These essays enjoy immense popularity today mostly due to the fame of...